1.5.1.       Definition of Key Terms. 15

1.5.2.       Limitation/ Delimitation. 17

1.6.      Organization of the Study. 18

Chapter Two: Alfred Adler and His Theories in the Light of Feminism.. 20

2.1.  Introduction. 20

2.2.      Introduction to Adlerian Theory. 21

2.2.1.       Alfred Adler’s Biography. 22

2.2.2.       Individual Psychology. 24

2.2.3.       Social Interest 26

2.2.4.       Life Style. 31

2.2.5.       The Final Goal 33

2.2.6.       Fictional Finalism and Striving towards Superiority. 36

2.2.7.       Feeling of Inferiority and Inferiority Complex. 38

2.3.      Feminist psychology. 40

2.3.1. Feminist Jurisprudence. 41

2.3.2.       Masculine Protest 44

2.3.3.       Feminism and Disability. 45

2.4.      Concluding Remarks. 45

Chapter Three: Adlerian Psychoanalytic Feminism in A Doll’s House. 47

3.1.      Introduction. 47

3.2.      Individual Psychology in A Doll’s House. 48

3.2.1.       Social Interest in A Doll’s House. 54

3.2.2.       Life Style in A Doll’s House. 58

3.2.3.       The Final Goal in A Doll’s House. 61

3.2.4.       Feeling of Inferiority in A Doll’s House. 63

3.2.5.       Fictional Finalism and Striving towards Superiority in A Doll’s House. 65

3.3.      Feminist Psychology in A Doll’s House. 67

3.3.1.       Feminist Jurisprudence in A Doll’s House. 70

3.3.2.       Masculine Protest in A Doll’s House. 72

3.3.3.       Feminism and Disability in A Doll’s House. 74

3.4.      Concluding Remarks. 76

Chapter Four: Adlerian Psychoanalytic Feminism in HeddaGabler 78

یک مطلب دیگر :

4.1.      Introduction. 78

4.2.      Individual Psychology in Hedda Gabler 80

4.2.1.       Social Interest in Hedda Gabler 83

4.2.2.       Life Style in Hedda Gabler 87

4.2.3.       The Final Goal in HeddaGabler 90

4.2.4.       Feeling of Inferiority in Hedda Gabler 92

4.2.5.       Fictional Finalism and Striving Towards Superiority in Hedda Gabler 94

4.3.      Feminist Psychology in Hedda Gabler 96

4.3.1.       Feminist Jurisprudence in Hedda Gabler 99

4.3.2.       Masculine Protest in Hedda Gabler 100

4.3.3.       Feminism and Disability in Hedda Gabler 102

4.4.      Concluding Remarks. 104

Chapter Five: Conclusion. 105

5.1.      Summing Up. 105

5.2.      Findings and Implications. 107

5.3. Suggestions for Further Research. 110

Bibliography. 112

Chapter One: Introduction

1.1.         General Overview

Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) is a Norwegian playwright and poet. He belongs to the school of realism, but he is not afraid to be unrealistic. His works include Brand (1866), Peer Gynt (1867), An Enemy of the People (1882), Emperor and Galilean (1873), A Doll’s House (1879), HeddaGabler (1890), Ghosts (1881), The Wild Duck (1884), Rosmersholm (1886), and The Master Builder (1892).There are melodramatic devices like secret revealing letters. People enter and exit just when Ibsen needs to continue on to the next scene and bring on new opinions. His goal is to interrogate ideas, to deal with individuals, to make characters think about their society rather than presenting photographic reality.

Ibsen tried to incorporate as much prose writing in his plays as possible without losing the story’s focal point. He tried to combine social and psychological problems in realistic contemporary settings of this plays; plays that deal with such problems are called problem plays. During his life, he went through three separate writing periods: Romantic, Social, and Symbolist.  His radical views condensed in his plays give an insight into a life meaning.

Ibsen’s themes were similar to those of early Greek plays which focused on a certain issue and questioned the ethical morality of a situation.