PHYs, we introduce the human body communication (HBC)
which uses the human body as a communication channel to
transmit the electric signal. Through the clear understanding of
the body channel with T-shaped body channel model and
theoretical channel analysis, we present 6 HBC transceiver
implemented with CMOS technology, including a world–first

WBAN transceiver satisfying all of the specifications for IEEE
802.15.6 standard. Through the implemented transceiver, we

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successfully demonstrate the MP3 player, and smart patch
system for entertainment, and healthcare application,
respectively.
Index Terms — wireless body area network, human body
communication, wireless body area network
I. SUMMARY
The expansion of u-healthcare will allow remote healthcare
services including disease diagnosis and patient status
monitoring. This will lead to an increased interest in medical
service that is oriented to a systematic prevention and
improved healthcare in everyday life due to an increase of
interest in overall health, chronic diseases, such as
cardiovascular disease and diabetes [1]. This will also lead to
an improvement of a regional gap in the use of medical

doi:10.5539/ijms.v5n4p143 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v5n4p143
Abstract
The aim of the present research study is to examine the influence of antecedents of attitudes towards
counterfeiting products of Indonesian consumers and its relationship to purchase intention of counterfeit

products. The research mainly discussed the effect of social factors and personality factors towards consumer
attitudes to buy counterfeit product, in this context is handbags. Approximately 250 respondents aged from
16-40 participated to give response for the survey gathered from questionnaire distribution. The analysis using
path coefficient analysis show that social and personality factors has mostly significant impact towards attitudes.
The study concluded that the more positive attitude of consumers towards counterfeit products will further
strengthen the purchasing intentions while the higher the status of a consumers’ consumption will not affect any
change to both their attitude and willingness to purchase counterfeit products.
Keywords: social factors, personality factors, attitudes towards counterfeiting products, purchase intention,
status consumption

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1. Introduction
Counterfeiting, the production and sale of fake products that seem identical to the original product, has been
mushrooming across the globe and recently growth in dangerous level (Penz & Stottinger, 2005). Furthermore,
Indonesia is among several offenders mentioned in a US report targeting the world’s worst piracy offenders who
will soon see their illegal market overtaken by the Internet, which is increasingly the sales medium instead of
shopping mall stalls and street carts (Jakarta Globe, accessed on October 15, 2012). According to U.S. Customs
and Border Protection Office of International Trade (2007), 70 percent of counterfeited goods belong to fashion
goods, such as handbags, watches, jewelry, shoes, clothes, hats, sunglasses, and perfume.
The current collective buying behavior shows a high demand for luxury brands product by shoppers at many
different social classes. Consumers have increased their awareness about design and have begun to expect high
style (Kay, 1990). Consumers who are buying luxury brands products may be described as self-conscious and
they were especially concerned about the impression they make (Penz & Stottinger, 2005). Fashion counterfeit
products are believed to carry a high image and the prestige connected to a well-known brand name. The
similarities in appearance, quality, and image created by the counterfeited version compared to the original

following assumptions have been made in the present research on barrel analysis: A von
Mises yield criterion, isotropic strain hardening in the plastic region in conjunction with
the Prandtl-Reuss theory, pressure release taking into consideration the Bauschinger
effect and plane stress conditions. The stresses are calculated incrementally by using the
finite difference method, whereby the cylinder wall is divided into N-rings at a distance
Dr apart. Machining is simulated by removing rings from both sides of the cylindrical
surfaces bringing the cylinder to its final shape. After a theoretical development of the
procedure and writing a suitable computer program, calculations were performed and a
good correlation with the experimental results was found. The numerical results were also
compared with other analytical and experimental solutions and a very good correlation in

shape and magnitude has been obtained. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1593078#
Introduction
Increased strength-weight ratio and extended fatigue life are the
main objectives of optimal design for the modern gun barrel.
These can be carried out by generating a residual stress field in the
barrel wall, a process known as autofrettage.
There are two principal autofrettage processes. One is ‘‘hydrostatic,’’
based on the use of high hydrostatic pressure that is applied
inside the tube and the second is ‘‘swaging,’’ which is based
on the use of an oversized mandrel forced through the tube bore,
thereby causing it to expand.

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The residual stresses, which have a compressive effect on the
internal barrel surface, increase the barrel elastic strength pressure
and slow down the development of cracks. Furthermore, it is
sometimes necessary to machine the barrel to its final dimensions,
which reduces the contribution of residual stresses.
Since the basic data for calculating elastic strength pressure and
fatigue life are derived from a precise distribution of the residual
stresses, a theoretical solution for these stresses must be as close
as possible to the practical one. Although there are many solutions
which deal with the problem of determining stress distribution,
none of them are completely satisfactory, since they are all based
on certain assumptions on yield criteria and other effects.
The simplest and most general theoretical treatment of the partially
plastic thick-walled cylinder has been the use of the Tresca

linear visco-elastoplastic theorem, is featured with clear physical
meaning, visual concept and good reflection of rheological
properties of geotechnical materials (Sun, 1999). For this purpose,
numerous researches have been conducted using component

models (Liingaard et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2004; Sun, 2007; Yan
et al., 2008; Dey and Basudhar, 2010; Zhang et al., 2012). Most of

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above-mentioned researches using creep models took the saturation
condition into consideration, but the unsaturated condition

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