یک مطلب دیگر :
۱۰ کتاب علمی عمومی که دنیا را تغییر داد!
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | i |
ABSTRACT | ii |
TABLE of CONTENTS | iii |
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION | |
1.1. Introduction | 2 |
1.2. Statement of the Problem | 2 |
1.3. Purpose of the Study | 3 |
1.4. Research Questions | 3 |
1.5. Significance of the Study | 4 |
1.6. Organization of the Study | 5 |
1.7. Definition of the Terms | 6 |
1.8. Summary | 6 |
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE | |
2.1. Introduction | 8 |
2. 2. The philosophy behind this study: Sociocultural perspective | 8 |
2.2.1. Writing in Vygotsky’s school of thought | 10 |
2.2.1.1. More Knowledgeable Other or MKO | 10 |
2.2.1.2. Elaboration of ZPD | 11 |
2.3. Scaffolding in classroom situations | 12 |
2.3.1. Facilitative methods in scaffolding | 13 |
2.3.2. Characteristics and Critical Features of Scaffolded Instruction | 14 |
2.3.3. Challenges and Benefits of Scaffolding | 15 |
2.3.3.1. Challenges | 15 |
2.3.3. 2. Benefits | 16 |
2.3.4. Peer interaction: a good illustration and system of scaffolding | 17 |
2.4. Mediation and Writing | 17 |
2.5. Accuracy | 19 |
2.6. Writing English and pair work an important issue in Iranian context | 19 |
2.7. Arguments for and against pair work in writing: To use it or not to? | 21 |
2.8. Small groups or large ones? Which yields better results? | 23 |
2.9. Advantages of pair work | 24 |
2.10. A Large Number of Literature Supporting Pair Work | 26 |
2.11. Summary | 33 |
CHAPTER III DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY | |
3.1. Introduction | 35 |
3.2. Design of the Study | 35 |
3.2.1.Procedure | 37 |
3.3. Site of the Study | 42 |
3.4. Participants of the Study | 42 |
3.5. Research Instruments | 42 |
3.6. Data Collection | 43 |
3.7. Data Analysis | 43 |
3.7.1. Accuracy Measurement | 43 |
3.8. Summary | 44 |
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS | |
4.1. Introduction | 46 |
4.2. Background Information | 46 |
4.2.1. Students’ Background Information | 46 |
4.2.3. Language Instructor’s Background Information | 47 |
4.3. Research Question | 47 |
4.5. Summary | 54 |
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION | |
5.1. Introduction | 56 |
5.2. Summary of the Study | 56 |
5.3. Discussion | 57 |
5.4. Pedagogical Implications | 59 |
5.5. Recommendations for Future Research | 61 |
5.6. Limitations of the Study | 62 |
5.8. Conclusion | 62 |
REFERENCES | 64 |
APPENDICES | 75 |
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
[چهارشنبه 1399-07-30] [ 07:27:00 ق.ظ ]
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